Chromatography. What Is It?? How Does It Work? Like Magic! Behind this pretentious title hides a brief hypertext description of chromatography aimed at "biotech people".

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) - general info about method with schematic of an  HPLC instrument and pretty pictures of the column, injector and the whole HPLC instrument.

An Introduction to Chromatography - general words about some examples of liquid chromatographic techniques. An interesting page for educational purposes, it gives some notes how to teach chromatography basics in the classroom ("bringing chromatography to the classroom") and also contains a list of references (articles in the educational magazines)

SHIFFTY'S HOMEPAGE OF CHEMISTRY - a little bit of chromatography basics

An article about HPLC at the Encyclopedia of Analytical Instrumentation

General theoretical aspects of separation with chromatography (partition coefficient, retention factor, selectivity factor, theoretical plates, Van Deemter equation for plate height and so on).
 

Companies:

Waters Corporation is a long-standing leader in HPLC systems. This is great site with HPLC terms glossary, HPLC basics, press releases and of course a huge amount of illustrated catalogs of HPLC components and HPLC systems. Also contains Applications Library and Interactive Troubleshooting Guide (Instrumentation support area of Connections On-line uses  streaming Macromedia Shockwave format).

Merck has already pioneered the production of sorbents with reproducible and well defined properties. Plenty of catalogs of almost everything related to HPLC: for analytical, chiral and preparative HPLC; Sample preparation, Solvents and Reagent sections. Software section contains link for download of free software. Also very interesting link to IUPAC nomenclature for chromatography.

Merck Chromatography site offers products of Merck ltd. in U.K. On their site you can also find Hints & Tips section with LC troubleshooting guide, guidelines for typical flow rates, answer for the question "which column dimension should you choose and when?". Literature database contains over 2500 References covering HPLC and TLC applications. They say: "Spend more time in equilibrating your column, you will save it in troubleshooting" : advises related to the Care and Use of Silica Columns, Regeneration of HPLC columns.

Vydac The Separations Group is an US company located in the high desert of California, providing the highest quality HPLC columns and separation products to the scientific community. Their past accomplishments include developing the benchmark HPLC silica for the separation of polypeptides. Vydac now offers polymer and silica-based materials in packed columns and bulk media. Very good catalog of their products with a lot of photos, Applications section is absolutely great. It includes such topics as environmental & food analysis (polyaromatic hydrocarbons, buckminsterfullerenes, beta carotenes, vitamins D2/D3), peptides &proteins, pharmaceutical analysis (multi-ring compunds, dificult proteins (membrane & structural proteins, vital coat proteins), nucleic acids & nucleotides, anions & organic acids (water, explosives, soil, air, consumer products) and carbohydrates (complex cell-wall xyloglucans) in all these sections you can read on-line or download .pdf's of the books or articles related to the topic! Also there is a FAQ (frequently asked questions) list. Highly recomended!!!

Macherey-Nagel is a German company devoted to the development, manufacturing and marketing of products for fine- and microfiltration, colorimetry/photometry, chromatography and bioanalysis. Macherey-Nagel was one of the first manufacturers of spherical silica for HPLC, which is known today under the tradename Nucleosil®. The product range contains more than 20.000 products for state-of-the-art analyses and the purification of  substances. This site has very good chromatographic applications database, information is sorted by Method, Author, Compounds, Stat. phases and Keywords, vey simple in use. But catalog of their products is only in German.

VICI (Valco Instruments Co. Inc.) - a factory source for top quality components for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, flow injection analysis, HPLC, SFE, and SFC. Product line includes valves, injectors, detectors, fittings, and syringes, as well as a wide range of related products such as air actuators, electric actuators, tubing and sample loops, heated enclosures, valve sequence controllers, gas purifiers, calibration gas standards, flow control devices, and digital interfaces. No on-line catalog (they promise to send a 284-page catalog by request), but there is a very good product support page with all kinds of schematic diagrams, a range of helpful technical notes and instruction manuals in .pdf format. The general reference area includes sections describing the properties of the metals and polymers used to build their products, a glossary, safety information, patents, trademarks, warranty, and conversion charts for pressure (psi <-> KPa <-> BAR <-> Atm) , temperature (°C <-> °F) and length (mm <-> inches).

Based in Germering near Munich, Gynkotek began in 1977 as an HPLC pump designer and manufacturer. Today, the patented high-pressure pump technology used in their systems is a worldwide industry-standard and can be found in all areas of analytical chemistry and the most renowned companies using HPLC technologies. Recently they released CHROMELEON™, an innovative 32-bit Windows 95 and Windows NT data system that perfectly adapts to the requirements of the user. Information about their products and some interesting links.

HPLC instrumentation from Hewlett Packard. Lots of products, lots of photos and technical details (quite inconvinient layout and so quite difficult to find information you need). Application database - GC, HPLC. An introduction to the principles of HPLC and Application Literature from HP.

ZORBAX® offers a lot of things for HPLC. In their Technical Bulletin there some interesting articles like "The Impact of pH on HPLC Method Development" and "Separation and Isolation of Hydrophobic Peptides Using HPLC". Also a lot of technical information about their products.

MAC-MOD Analytical, Inc. provides the highest quality HPLC and GLC columns and supplies available and backs them with excellent service and support. They have distributed ZORBAX HPLC columns for over 12 years and remain the world’s largest distributor of ZORBAX products. On-line Catalog Ordering with discounts for Internet customers! Several times a year, they issue the MAC-MOD Forum newsletter, a source of valuable method development and troubleshooting information along with news about their latest products. In the Technical Resource Center you'll find Technical Reports, Application Notes and Technical Bulletins (some of the topics : Reduce Analysis Time and Solvent Waste in HPLC Analyses, Chromatographic Reproducibility. Check their site for more recent publications.).

Phase Separations is a distributor of the products of Waters Corporation. On the site you can find among other catalogs of the products also an HPLC tutorial (in .pdf format).

Beckman® Coulter provides HPLC System GoldTM Nouveau Chromatography Workstation Software. System Gold® Nouveau is designed to meet the current and future demands of today’s chromatographer. On the site you can find some documents related to this system (.pdf)
 
 

BISCHOFF Chromatography is located in the Stuttgart area and offers a broad spectrum of columns and instruments for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The user has the choice between over 40 column dimensions and 200 different stationary phases used to fabricate his custom-made column. BISCHOFF's newest development is ProntoSIL, a spherical, ultra-pure silica gel for high-performance chromatographicseparations. Very wide range of products is shown in the BISCHOFF Product Catalogue.

Product line of Perkin-Elmer is presented in a big Consumables & Accessories Catalog. Also a lot of technical information, articles, broshures (.pdf) about their products, Software section.

Hamilton Co. is another Leader Worlwide for Precision Fluid Measuring Products. Hamilton Company manufactures Syringes & Needles, Manual Dispensers, Valves, Diluters & Dispensers, Sensors & Electrodes, HPLC Columns & Resins and Microlab equipment. Site is under construction and General Product Line presented at the moment only by HPLC columns and accessories.

Higgins Analytical, Inc. is an Expert Manufacturers of HPLC Columns, Cartridges, and Separations Consumables. Higgins Analytical manufactures a wide range of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) and stainless steel High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) columns and cartridges. These unique offerings address many needs of chromatographers desiring fast analysis times, efficient system and column protection, and chemical inertness. Special application areas include LC/MS, combinatorial chemistry, column switching techniques, in-line filtration, and guard column requirements. Very big on-line product catalog, there is also Applications index and HAINEWS - A Product Newsletter.

Very beautiful site of the Optimize Technologies, Inc. Their thesis is "Making HPLC systems friendlier". Very well-done site with a lot of information about their OEM and general HPLC products. Tech Spot section consists of Articles section (including such topics like - Guard Columns: Selecting Optimal Precolumn Protection For Your HPLC, Selecting a Piston Seal For Your Application, Seal-Solvent Compatibility Guide, Solvent-Material Compatibility Guide etc) and Q&A section with tips about using their columns. In the Literature section you can order the latest Optimize product catalogs and also download product literature - Product Profile Sheets (.pdf format.)

Regis Technologies, Inc. carries a full line of chromatography products. They manufacture High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) columns for specialty separation areas and conventional use. Regis also manufactures ultrapure derivatization reagents for GC and HPLC and ion pair reagents & buffers for HPLC. Regis, a leader in chiral technology, in conjunction with Dr. William Pirkle of the University of Illinois, developed an entire line of Pirkle-Concept Chiral Stationary Phases. The Pirkle-Chiral columns are available in a variety of particle sizes and column lengths and can be used for analytical work as well as preparative separations. Regis manufactures ultrapure Ion Pair reagents and buffers on-site and a full line of high purity derivatization reagents for use in both GC and HPLC applications. Regis' RAM Application guide contains over 50 applications of drugs and drug metabolites in plasma and serum, Chiral HPLC Application Guide II, contains over 350 chiral applications and of course list of applications using conventional HPLC. Here you can find also Characteristics of Pure Solvents Table.

Separation of enantiomers by chiral chromatography. ChromTech homepage is the most comprehensive application guide to chiral chromatography available on internet, containing hundreds of chiral separation of enantiomers on their chiral columns CHIRAL-AGP, CHIRAL-CBH and CHIRAL-HSA. The guide is searchable both by substance name and formula.

Rheodyne, L.P. is a the world's leading manufacturer of HPLC sample injectors and switching valves. All the catalogs (in .pdf), Technical support section contains Troubleshooting Guide for HPLC Injection Problems, and all the kinds of tips on using injectors, hints and FAQs (topics are Leaks, Artifact Peaks, Non-reproducible Results, Decreased System Pressure, Blockage, Noise or Drift etc.) and appendices (technical schemes of the the different models of the valves)

A site of MetaChem Technologies Inc. Again a lot of very detailed catalogs. Also a lot of really interesting technical information, tips and tricks. Contains a good Applications section, also very useful HPLC Column Troubleshooting Guide (covers problems with pressure, problems with baselines, problems with peaks, problems with clogged tubingas, problems with leaks, sorbent specifications, column washing,  data) and some manuals like "Column Use & Care" as well. There are also Commercially Available HPLC Sorbent Specifications, HPLC Column & End-fitting Design, HPLC Solvent Physical Properties, HPLC Silica Bonded Phases, USP Column Listing, Theory & Calculations sections.

Shodex is the trade name for the HPLC products manufactured by Showa Denko K.K., Tokyo, Japan. This home page contains, lots of useful information such as catalog data, application data, HPLC troubleshooting and a distributors list.

MICRA Scientific manufactures the revolutionary NPS® non-porous silica HPLC columns for faster analysis times, higher sensitivity and reduced solvent consumption. NPS® is ultra pure, highly uniform silica microspheres packed at efficiencies over 300,000 plates/m yielding excellent resolution and high mass sensitivity. MICRA's patented process creates a durable support where the absence of pore eliminates intra-particle diffusion improving mass transfer for unparalleled reproducibility. Site contains NPS® Frequently asked questions, Literature, Bibliography and Applicacion notes sections.

Upchurch Scientific is the leading manufacturer of fittings, tubing and accessories for the demanding HPLC market. They also serve other analytical equipment, diagnostic equipment, medical device, and related liquid transfer markets. Check out for their product catalog. Tech Info section seems to be very useful. It contains a lot of information: HPLC Product Recomendations, HPLC Introduction, Liquid Chromatography Glossary,  Liquid Chromatography Books, Polymer information, Conversion Tables. Very recomended!

Check out for the product line of Whatman, Inc.Whatman is known and recognised throughout the world for its expertise in separations technology and the range of unique and innovative products that this technology makes available. There is also a FAQs and different Tools.

Wheaton Science Products, an ISO 9001-certified company, is a leading supplier of glass and plastic containers and vials for the laboratory and diagnostics markets and other specialty labglass apparatus. They produce such products for chromatography like Autosampler Vials, Headspace Vials, Crimpers and Decappers, Vial Racks, Mobile Phase Reservoirs, Chromatography Columns, TLC Glassware. Very comprehensive catalog.

"Everything is Possible . . . With the Right Tools®", Pierce Chemical Company offers all the kinds of reagents and solvents and also a wide variety of different Labware and Equipment for chromatography. Visit their product catalogs, Technical Library, TechTips and also FAQs.

Amersham Pharmacia Biotech provides very wide variety of products for chromatography like Columns, Controllers, Pumps, Mixers, Monitors, Recorders, Fraction Collectors as well as Cables, Tubing Fittings, Valves etc. Its Technical resources contain every info about their products you can imagine. Very recomended!

'The purer the product, the easier it is to maintain consistency'. Romil Ltd. produces reagents and sovents of super purity - 'ROMIL-SpS' grade has organic impurities reduced to parts per billion levels. It is suitable for most routine trace organic analyses undertaken by chromatography or spectroscopy. Check out for detailed specifications of the Super Purity Solvents what they are famous for.

Homepage of Supelco. Supelco is a part of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. They specialize in four main product areas - gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, sample hadling and chemical standards and reagents. On their site there is a lot of technical literature, troubleshooting information, application notes, laboratory hints etc. Very recomended!!

CHROMPACK - a company for chromatography products fo GC and HPLC, instruments etc. Contains quite interesting information on HPLC columns (for example, HPLC Column Selection Guide.)

Corporate Links, quite a long list of manufacturers of th HPLC instrumentation with short descriptions.

: Companies on the Web

Gemini's Laboratory Pages (Internet Buyer's Guide for Laboratory Products) for the Laboratory and Medical Diagnostics Industry, several hundred suppliers of Laboratory and Medical Diagnostics equipment by means of lookup table of 300 categories and search.
 

How do I clean my HPLC column? How do I protect my HPLC columns? Is TFA the only Reverse Phase Buffer for  Proteins and Peptides? How do I clean my C4 HGH column? What effect does flow rate have on my RP-HPLC column? What        effect does column length have on my RP-HPLC column? How much polypeptide can be purified in one RP-HPLC run? What effect do surfactants have on RP-HPLC separations? Does RP-HPLC of polypeptides affect biological activity? What are the recommended flow rates for my Vydac columns?

provides an open forum for chromatography discussion along with job opportunities, gas chromatography & liquid chromatography tips, vendor links and analytical equipment resales. Liquid Chromatography Troubleshooting Tips (Leaks, Noises, Performance Problems, Retention Time, Decrease Retention Time, Increase  Peak Doubling or Splitting, Peak Tailing,  Broad Peaks,  Ghost Peaks, Baseline Noise)

HPLC troubleshooter - this page is intended to provide help for the students of Chromatographic Techniques and as support for the Advanced Courses on High Resolution Chromatography.
 
 

LC Troubleshooting. In This Section : Column Troubleshooting, Measuring System Bandspreading, Mobile Phase Preparation and Use, Column Life time, Measuring Column Efficiency, Variable Retention Times, Drifting Retention Times.

  HPLC Column Troubleshooting Suggestions. How to Choose and HPLC Column: HPLC Column Selection Guide, HPLC Packing Material Properties, USP Column Definitions. HPLC Chromatograms.

HPLC Trouble Shooting covering such problems like Abnormal Peak Shape, Fluctuation in Elution time, Fluctuation in Baseline, Noise in Baseline, Rise in Pressure

HPLC Help from Western Analytical : FAQs and different help (Hot topic: Cleaning Reverse Phase Columns (C4, C8, C18))
 
 

A complete guide on High Performance Liquid Chromatography by Dr. Yuri Kazakevich (Introduction / Theory / Absorbents / Reversed-Phase HPLC / Instrumentation / Detectors).

Contains copies of the lecture presentations associated with a course in "Chemical Separations" by James K. Hardy at the University of Akron. Lecture slides can be viewed by selecting the appropriate chapter. This course stresses theory and application of modern chromatographic methods. Requires a frame-compliant browser. Very extensive series of notes.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): A Users Guide with the history section,that illustrates the HPLC's evolution from the 1970's to the 1990's, applications of modern HPLC,  the theory of operation, a list of manufacturers, a troubleshooting guide, technical assistance, and a bibliography. Once you have completed the theory of operation, you will be qualified to take a quick quiz to test your understanding of HPLC systems.

Slide show on principles of chromatography: GC/HPLC.

Preparative Chromatography Presentation in Dr. Cramer's Educational Materials, another slide show.

This page covers different aspects of HPLC-MS. The information is presented as a Slide show
 
 

"Chromatography is my game .." - he said (presented by Dr. Shulamit Levin from Israel). Here you can find lectures on HPLC technique plus links to various chromatography resources.

Chiral HPLC Application Guide from Merck

Protocols and Applications Guides of small molecule (HPLC and Solid Phase Extraction) and Protein, Peptide, & Multi-Ring Cpd. (HPLC Column Applications)

A set of laboratory instructions from the Lochmuller group. Experiments on HPLC. This is a two-week experiment and you will follow the schedule outlined below. The prelab assignment for this experiment involves using a computer simulation of HPLC instrumentation. Includes explanation of the theoretical aspects.

An article:The Use of Some Statistical Techniques to Investigate the Aging Process of Silica-Based RP-HPLC Stationary Phases. Annabel Bolck, Age K.Smilde, Chris H. P. Bruins, Pierre M. J. Coenegracht and Durk A. Doornbos

An article:Prediction of Reversed Phase HPLC Retention by Principal Components Analysis and Target Testing. C. H. Lochmueller, C. E. Reese and Su-Hsiu Hsu

Here you can order some books on HPLC

One more list of HPLC books.

SIS Chromatography books - books, available from Scientific Instrument Services
 
 

LC-GC MAGAZINE - The magazine of separation science. Contains GC and LC Troubleshooting Guide, Hot Web Sites, LCGC Library, Software, Manufacturers' showcase and  other sections.
 

The Journal of Chromatographic Science (JCS) is a monthly international scientific journal presenting the latest information concerning the theory and practice of chromatography. On their site there are a lot of sections like Troubleshooting, New Products, Recomended books,  Links etc.
 

HRC Journal of High Resolution Chromatography
 

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies
 

Chemistry Journals List. This list, which contains almost 600 links to various chemistry journals
 
 

Liquid Chromatography Data Base Search, search using Compound name, Stationary phase, Mobile phase, Flow rate, Detection UV wavelength, Column temperature as keyword.

A molecular database for chiral chromatography. A powerful Information System for Chiral Separations of Enantiomers by Chromatography : 55,000 chiral separations, 16,000 molecular structures, 3,000 new separations updated every four months, a multitude of unpublished data

STN Databases in Science, Technology, Patents, and Business
 
 

 

Useful links

Periodic table of elements (WebElements 2.0) with many graphics and datas. Also trends like atomic radius are explaind by graphics and charts.

127, 000 3D Structure Database. Structure search by CAS number (partly by names). All files in MDL mol format. If you don't know CAS number of your chemical you can search for it by name , by drawing its structure on-line, or by pasting its structure file.

ChemPuter - for online calculation of numerous important chemical data e.g. molecular mass, isotope patterns, element percentages, reaction yields (calculate your reaction yields), oxidation state of d-block metals in a complex, electron accountancy for metals in a complex.

pK_a of common acids and pK_b of common bases

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Calculation of Flow Rate to Give Equivalent Linear Velocity with Different ID HPLC Columns

Calculation of Increase in Peak Height with Different ID HPLC Columns

Characteristics of Pure Solvents Table.

HPLC Solvent Physical Properties
 

The official Merck ChromSword Site. ChromSword software enables the user for RP-LC to predict an optimal
content of MeOH, MeCN, or THF in a mobile phase for isocratic elution or gradient profile for gradient elution, also to obtain acceptable retention for mixture of compounds only on the basis of their structural formulae and a lot of useful things too.
 

Planet Chromatography, an Unofficial Homepage of ChromSword Software with an examples on using programm. Also contains application notes for preparative HPLC and analytical TLC.
 

MultiSimplex is a Windows-based software for sequential design of experiments and optimization. MultiSimplex is used to improve: quality of products, efficiency of processes, performance of analytical instruments. The simplex optimization method has been used  successfully a great number of times to optimize high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Primary control variables (factors) in the optimization of liquid chromatography (LC) methods are the different components of the mobile phase determining acidity,solvent strength, etc. One the pages of this site you'll find some articles and a list of references, related to the optimization of the HPLC method for different applications.
 

Your resource for unique chromatography software solutions. Contains some "must-have" programs for HPLC.
 

A good guide to Chemistry Software
 

Software download page. Contents: Flow Calculator, LIMA Software Demo, FastCAM / ReCAP / ChromView Software Demo.
 

Link to the page of the liquid chromatography simulation software (Chromulator 1.0). Really promising offer.
 
 

The Analytical Chemistry Springboard. This jumpstation contains a large selection of categorized links to all areas of analytical chemistry found on the Internet. Really the best starting point for surfing.

Kibelka's analytical links. A good starting point for surfing. Includes such sections like Environment EPA, Mass Spectrometry, Mobile GC/MS, Research projects, Software  mirror, Journals (Elsevier, Wiley, ..), Societies, Polymer, Companies (MS, GC, chemicals), Useful Science (periodic table, constants..)

Chromatography.Net™ . . . the Starting Point for Chromatographic Research. "The World's Largest, Non-Biased, Comprehensive Chromatogram Library and Column Database". Supplier Links, Magazine/Journal Links, Chemical Company Links, Pharmaceutical Companies links, Biotech Companies links, Contract/Other Labs links, Scientific Software Links. A database and comprehensive chromatography column search tool. Contains >60,000 columns from 80+ manufacturers & distributors world-wide.

Chromatography Information provided by ChemicalAnalysis.com. Some 30 links related to different types of chromatography.

Useful links to HPLC related websites. Links to different publications on the Web
 
 

Links to Analytical Chemistry Resources on the World Wide Web. Includes UseNet Newsgroups, E-Mail Discussion Lists
 
 

Tips, Tricks and other resources. Hot Web Sites list from LC/GC magazine.
 
 

Links from "Trends in Analytical Chemistry" magazine. Now full articles on-line via http://www.chemweb.com
 
 

Links for Chemists: 5830 pointers to WWW Chemistry Resources
 
 

 : Analytical Chemistry. This page points to information about analytical chemistry, together with  some pointers to key lists elsewhere which may well cover this area in more detail. Collection of Analytical Chemistry links
 
 

Chromatography Related Web Sites : Chromatography, Discussion Groups, Chemistry, Local Chemistry Departments, Commercial Sites
 
 

 : 9 Links to top sites
 
 

Niven's Wonderful World of Chromatography. Links: Chromatography on the Web, Chemistry Databases on the Web, A complete Glossary of HPLC terms and a German-English Dictionary of Chromatography.
 
 

HPLC Resources. Conferences, Hypertext Resources, Research Groups, Software

Another information service provides s lot of links related to chemistry.
 
 

1223 links about chemistry
 
 

Chemistry Teaching Resources
 
 

The Chrom-L Listserver : Chromatographic Communications Around the Globe. The Chrom-L listserver has been providing a valuable service to chromatographers since December 1995, and is now a forum where nearly 500 scientists worldwide share opinions, hints and tips, discuss problems in their analyses and and compare notes on equipment. Free service! Chromatographers looking for a more rapid, interactive discussion should try the recently-formed #chrom-l IRC channel, which can be found on the irc.bright.net IRC server.

Saint Louis Chromatography Discussion Group Home Page, contains links to the other Discussion groups.
 
 

provides an open forum for chromatography discussion along with job opportunities, gas chromatography & liquid chromatography tips, vendor links and analytical equipment resales.